FERTIL YOSHDAGI AYOLLAR POPULYATSIYASIDA SUT BEZI SARATONI VA SARATON OLDI KASALLIKLARINI ERTA TASHXISLASH, OLDINI OLISH VA DAVOLASHDA ZAMONAVIY KOMPLEKS TEKSHIRUVLAR

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common oncological diseases among women and is associated with a high mortality rate. Its early diagnosis and prevention are priorities in maintaining the health of women of fertile age. More than two million new cases are reported worldwide every year, a large proportion of which occur in women of reproductive age. In Uzbekistan, a trend towards the occurrence of breast cancer at younger ages has also been observed in recent years, indicating the need to introduce early diagnostic methods and comprehensive preventive approaches. The aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of methods for the early detection of breast cancer and precancerous conditions in the population of women of fertile age, the assessment of risk groups, and comprehensive examination methods. The study included clinical and anamnestic assessment, hormonal analyses, instrumental diagnostic methods (breast ultrasonography, mammography, elastography, and MRI), cytological and immunohistochemical analyses, as well as molecular genetic testing for BRCA1/2 gene mutations. Together, these methods made it possible to detect precancerous changes at an early stage in women of fertile age. According to the study results, precancerous changes (fibroadenomatosis, cystic dysplasia, and local hyperplasia) were identified in 24.6% of the women of fertile age examined. Tumor-suspected exostructural formations were observed in 12.3% of the women, and stage I breast cancer was confirmed in 6.5% of the cases identified through biopsy and cytological analysis. At the same time, hormonal analyses revealed elevated estrogen levels and progesterone deficiency, supporting a pathogenetic association.